█ Waves

Air Blowing

Air Suction

Beomchan Park & Yeunwoo Cho, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 885, A20

Wind makes gravity–capillary waves on the surface of deep water when both gravity and surface tension are equally important. Because of the large steepness of gravity–capillary waves, the area of the air–sea interface is significantly increased compared to gravity waves. Increase of the interfacial area facilitates mass, momentum and energy transfer between air and water. In addition, the resulting small-scale roughness on the water surface provides important data in the area of microwave remote sensing where the microwave wavelength is comparable to the scale of the gravity–capillary waves. Apart from wind-generated gravity–capillary waves, these waves can be found on the surface of gravity waves whose slopes are generally moderate. When gravity waves are about to break, the crest is steepened and the curvature effect becomes so pronounced that gravity–capillary waves appear on the forward face of breaking gravity waves, usually in the form of spilling-type waves. We study on gravity–capillary solitary waves generated by a moving air blowing or a moving air suction.

• Application areas: Air–sea interface transfer, Ocean remote sensing, Wave breaking.
 
• Related papers: [17], [15], [14], [13], [11], [10], [9], [8], [7], [6], [5], [4], [3], [2]